Lord of the Flies Essay

1-Ralph calls the gathering and helps everybody to remember their consent to keep up new water supplies, watch sanitation measures, fabricate havens, and prop the sign fire up. He at that point tends to the developing trepidation that he knows is starting to overpower a considerable lot of the young men by opening up the floor for conversation. 2-Jack takes the conch to bring up that if a brute were on the island, he would have seen it during his chasing trips 3-.Piggy includes that the field of brain research can be utilized as an apparatus to clarify legitimately the experience of dread, consequently nullifying it 4-Simon endeavors to clarify that the young men themselves, or something inborn in human instinct, could be the monster they dread. His fruitless clarification prompts discuss apparitions. Be that as it may, the get together finishes turbulently. 5-Ralph ,piggy and simon are left bemoaning the efficient grown-up overwhelmed lives they had before going to the island. 6-After the gathering, all the young men rest. Above them an airborne fight is occurring. A setback of the fight glides down to the island on his opened parachute. The breeze hauls the body to rest at the highest point of the mountain. The breeze blows up the parachute infrequently, causing the body to seem to sit up and afterward sink forward again.â 7-Samneric, tending the fire on the mountain, get a brief look at the body’s development and hear the parachute inflating.â 8-They escape to Ralph in a frenzy with a story misrepresented by their dread. 9-At day break, Ralph calls a get together, where they choose to explore the main spot on the island left unexplored: the stronghold like stone development toward one side. Ralph goes first without anyone else, followed a couple of moments later by Jack. After they build up that the mammoth isn't there, different young men go along with them in the manor and need to play there some time. They oppose when Ralph reports that they have to all go mind the fire, yet he powers the issue and Jack directs the path back up to the fire site.

Online And Traditional Classroom Learning

On the web And Traditional Classroom Learning Over the previous decade, scientists have shown that innovation can be a helpful and viable apparatus to regulate training. Albeit, nothing can replace the instructor as far as creating understudies training, online training is advancing into study halls and homes now. The educators are by all account not the only ones who can make the way for instruction for understudies though the PC assumes an extra job in helping understudies training innovatively as a valuable apparatus. In spite of the fact that you cannot get the immediate communication; internet learning gives helpful learning. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) With the financial conditions changing individuals are picking to go on the web. More individuals are working and going to class which will make them serious and give the working man alternatives about his training. Nonetheless, web based learning can be viable for understudies if its utilized astutely. The fundamental focal point of online is accommodation however it can likewise be a choice to get outside past the dividers and associate with society instead of sitting in a homeroom. PCs are utilized for pretty much everything except for can it truly supplant the homeroom? Truth be told, instruction and innovation, in the event that we comprehend it in its broadest sense, is changing ordinarily inside and out. In this manner understudies have a few distinct choices that can best suit their necessities. Specialists concur that Technology is so best in class and advanced however can it truly replace the educator who can propel, sort out and deal with the entire class by making the charming emanation of dynamic instructing and learning process, yet many have reached very various determinations in tending to the accompanying inquiries: 1. What are the upsides of a homeroom setting? Study hall Vs Online 3 2. What are the drawbacks of a study hall setting? 3. Could Online Education be similarly as viable as the study hall? 4. What are the ramifications of Online Learning? This audit of Teacher Vs Online spotlights on these four inquiries. What are the Advantages of a Classroom Setting? In a powerful article, Neobrain, Wright, and Cleaver (2009) contended that everybody need an individual who can both comprehend their necessities, their feeble focuses and solid focuses and furthermore know the best and appropriate techniques for the understudies to cause them to acknowledge themselves what they will do is correct or wrong. For the understudies in the study hall, PCs are incredibly valuable machines that, in the blink of an eye, can perform refined tasks and understand troublesome inquiries, which even the instructor, not to mention understudies, can't do. So the instructor can realize who is following his educating and who isn't and give significant models during his educating to keep the class keen regarding the matter he is clarifying. Another favorable position of study hall learning is that the instructor can give understudies the genuine substance of training by sustaining understudies hearts and opening understudies minds during the homeroom educating. Likewis e, understudies have the upside of having up close and personal cooperation with the instructor which upgrades their study hall experience. (Wonacott 2002) Teachers feel that they can survey their understudies better through week after week connection in the study hall. In study halls with a littler instructor to-understudy proportion, understudies can even get more straightforward help. Since there is ongoing communication and understudies and their teacher talk as opposed to composing, more ground can be shrouded in less time. An educator or understudy can highlight a page in their content. The teacher can compose Homeroom Vs Online 4 data down on a white board. Understudies can examine data with one another, and on the grounds that they are talking face to face, there is less possibility that one of them will be misconstrued. One thing that is influenced by the Online Learning is the social association. (Anderson 2007) Social Interaction is significant in light of the fact that conventional study hall instructing likewise furnishes understudies with the chance to have genuine social association with each other. This cooperation thus takes into consideration the understudies to help each other as far as scholastics or as far as close to home issues. Great learningis synergistic and social, not serious and disconnected (Fulford, 6). At the point when understudies sit in seats close to one another they gain from every others botches and learn social collaboration aptitudes. Additionally, conventional schools offer games, amusement, understudy clubs and associations, and different exercises that permit you to shape fellowships and interpersonal organizations. Great social communication is a key piece of living admirably. Study after examination shows that great companionships, family connections and wellbeing as the most significant things to have so as to be cheerful and satisfied. In this sense, again the PCs execution is nothing contrasted with the customary study hall. What are the Disadvantages of a homeroom setting? In a conventional study hall condition, there are typically somewhere in the range of twenty to thirty youngsters and one educator. At times, that instructor may have an educators help or an associate instructor. This is the place the drawback begins it is essentially outlandish for one individual to give every understudy the one-on-one consideration or guidance that might be required. In a study hall of twenty to thirty understudies, there will be a few understudies with contrasting learning styles and scholarly qualities and shortcomings. (Alavi Gallupe 2003) Study hall Vs Online 5 Which uncovers the following weakness of a customary homeroom. In a customary homeroom condition, its normal for understudies to get exhausted or disappointed. A few understudies learn better by visual methods, others will learn better with sound-related methods, and still others will learn better with a hands-on approach. It is essentially incomprehensible for a solitary instructor to suit all strategies for realizing when the person in question is liable for showing an enormous number of understudies. Subsequently, kids who don't fall into the customary learning strategy classification are unquestionably bound to get lost in an outright flood, become exhausted or debilitated, or to show conduct issues in the study hall. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) The customary homeroom condition functions admirably for countless understudies, however there are numerous other people who just experience issues learning in this condition, experience issues associating with companions, or who require progressively one-on-one consideration and time to get a handle on specific ideas. In conventional study halls, address is the principle type of learning. One attribute of customary learning is: The understudy is compelled to be in a similar time all day every day. With the financial changes we are looking in todays age and educational cost rising, understudies are working. The profession fields are progressively serious and individuals are not the only one looking for workers with instruction but rather likewise experience. So, understudies are looking for elective choices for gaining instruction so they can stay serious in todays work showcase. Sitting in a study hall isn't a perfect setting for certain understudies. Having the option to pace and n ot have severe time limitations on assignments can be helpful. A few understudies have odd working hours and dont have the opportunity to get the opportunity to class on schedule and that can cause pressure intellectually and truly. Additionally, understudies have Study hall Vs Online 6 at last got themselves ready to support themselves and get self-taught even long in the wake of completing the class. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) Perhaps this might be the most critical certainty that has the effect between the educator and the machine. You can make progressively material and progress at your own pace and complete the class early. Then again, Classroom learning has its hindrance particularly rivaling comfort. Will online instruction be similarly as viable as the study hall? With such a large number of progressions with the web you have numerous alternatives for web based learning. From sites that exists to enable basic understudies to plan for statewide tests, to center and secondary schools having the chance to take classes on the web and complete make up work. The web has positively made learning advantageous and an a lot easier procedure. Giving understudies adaptability in learning may push somebody that may some way or another choose not to complete secondary school or even join up with school into finishing to an alternate choice. Additionally most understudies work either full or low maintenance in this manner having the choice to take classes online is an extraordinary bit of leeway for them. Training is currently one of the numerous open doors accessible for buyers on the Internet. The online understudy populace is extending by 30 percent a year, with more than 75 percent of conventional schools and colleges getting into the market, as indicate d by specialists. With the Internet, separation degrees have become a feasible and important alternative for the person who will most likely be unable to select full-time in a conventional physical organization. (Neal) What is online instruction? Who can take online classes? Is an online degree equivalent to a degree from a school that you take nearby? These are a few inquiries that you might need to realize the responses to before choosing to join up with online classes. As indicated by, www.blackboard.com online instruction can be Study hall Vs Online 7 characterized as a way to deal with instructing and discovering that uses Internet innovations to convey and team up in an instructive setting. This incorporates innovation that supplements conventional study hall preparing with electronic segments and learning conditions where the instructive procedure is experienced on the web. Anybody with access to the web can take classes on the web. Regardless of whether you got your degree on the web or on a grounds your degree is dealt with equivalent to long as the foundation is licensed. Universities offering on the web or mixed classes have internet learning apparatuses that you take your classes at and partake in conversations. At Florida State Community College they utilize a stage called Blackboard. On Blackboard you can likewise see your evaluations and email oth

Biography of John Lee Love, Black Inventor

Life story of John Lee Love, Black Inventor John Lee Love (Sept. 26, 1889?â€Dec. 26, 1931) was a dark innovator who built up the convenient pencil sharpener, which he licensed in 1897. Not much is thought about his life, however he is associated with two innovations, the other being a plasterers sell, which works a lot of like a craftsmen palette for a plasterer or artisan. In the pantheon of African-American designers, Love is associated with conceiving little things to make life simpler. Quick Facts: John Lee Love Known For: Inventor of the Love pencil sharpenerBorn: Sept. 26, 1889? in Fall River, MassachusettsDied: Dec. 26, 1931 Charlotte, North Carolina Early Life John Lee Love is accepted to have been conceived on Sept. 26, 1889, however another record records his introduction to the world year as at some point somewhere in the range of 1865 and 1877 during Reconstruction, which would have placed his place of birth in the South. Very little else is thought about Loves early days, including whether he had any proper tutoring or what provoked him to tinker with and improve certain regular articles. We do realize that he worked nearly as long as he can remember as a woodworker in Fall River, Massachusetts and that he licensed his first creation, an improved plasterers peddle, on July 9, 1895 (U.S. Patent No. 542,419). First Invention The plasterers sell customarily had been a level, square wooden board, around 9 inches in length on each side, with a handle-essentially, a post-like grasp that is opposite to the board and connected to its base. By putting the mortar, mortar, or, later, plaster on the board, the plasterer or artisan could get to it rapidly and effectively with the instrument being utilized to apply it. The new structure worked a lot of like a specialists palette. As a craftsman, Love was likely very much familiar with the utilization of mortar and mortar. He accepted that the birds of prey being used at the time were too massive to possibly be compact. His development was to structure a bird of prey with a separable handle and a foldable board made of aluminum, which more likely than not been significantly simpler to clean than wood. Convenient Pencil Sharpener Another of Loves creations, and one preferred known over the plasterers sell, had an a lot more extensive effect. It was the basic, compact pencil sharpener, the antecedent of the little plastic gadget that has been utilized by schoolchildren, educators, understudies, architects, bookkeepers, and specialists the world over. Before the innovation of the pencil sharpener, a blade was the most widely recognized instrument used to hone pencils, which have been around in some structure since Roman occasions (in spite of the fact that pencils werent mass-delivered in a structure natural to us until 1662 in Nuremberg, Germany). Be that as it may, shaving a point on a pencil was a tedious procedure, and pencils were turning out to be increasingly mainstream. The arrangement before long hit the market as the universes first mechanical pencil sharpener, imagined by Parisian mathematician Bernard Lassimoneâ on Oct. 20, 1828 (French patent number 2444). Cherishes revising of Lassimones gadget appears to be natural now, however it was progressive at that point. Essentially, the new model was versatile and incorporated a compartment to catch the shavings. The Massachusetts carpenterâ applied for a patent for what he called his improved deviceâ in 1897, and it was approvedâ on Nov. 23, 1897 (U.S. Patent No. 594,114). His structure didnt look a lot of like todays versatile sharpeners, however it worked by a comparative guideline. The pencil was embedded into a tapered sheath and was moved around, making the sheath and the edge inside it pivot around the pencil, honing it. Rather than turning the pencil against the edge, likewise with todays convenient sharpeners, the cutting edge was betrayed the pencil by the roundabout movement. Love wrote in his patent application that his sharpener couldâ also be planned in an increasingly elaborate manner to be utilized as a work area adornment or paperweight. It in the long run got known as the Love Sharpener, and his rule has been in constant use since he presented it. Inheritance We dont know what number of more developments Love could have given the world. Loveâ died, alongside nine different travelers, on Dec. 26, 1931,â when the vehicle they were riding in slammed into a train close to Charlotte, North Carolina. Be that as it may, his thoughts left the world an increasingly productive spot. Sources John Lee Love Biography: Inventor. Biography.com.John Lee Love: Inventor of the Portable Pencil Sharpener. KentagePage.com.Pencil Patents: John Lee Love’s Portable Pencil Sharpener. Pencils.com.

Architecture and culture in italy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering and culture in italy - Essay Example Consequently, even writers, for example, Ernest Hemingway, infamous for his quickness and misleadingly basic sounding stories, can uncover much about the zones they expound on. In the novel Across the River and Into the Trees, written in 1950, Hemingway gives a lot of insight regarding Italy both in what he says and in what he doesn't state. The story starts with a morning of duck chasing. The hero develops gradually, just called the shooter from the start. His character is the principal thing that gets referred to about him as it is uncovered through his words with the boatman, his considerations and his activities. Albeit coarse and touchy, he is likewise delicate in his treatment of others and his valuation for magnificence. This is found in his disturbance with the boatman as they work through the ice of the waterway, Recover your in it, yank (3) when contrasted with his comprehension of a similar man toward the finish of the book once the Colonel acknowledges it was his military coat that set the man off. All through the novel, the vast majority of which is a flashback to the days only before the duck chase, the individuals of Italy are reliably alluded to as obliging and more fair than individuals somewhere else: It's a harder town than Cheyenne when you truly know it, and everyone is affable (35). However there are consistent clues that things are not exactly as pure as the Colonel needs to picture it. Such an occurrence is presented in scenes, for example, the one where the Colonel, at that point a general, thumped two men oblivious for having the audacity to whistle at Renata at a considerably prior timespan or the scene wherein he thinks that its important to frighten two punks off from him by professing to convey guns in his pockets as he strolls around Venice with Renata's family emeralds in his pocket. The Colonel's capacity to value the magnificence of the scene around him additionally assists with uncovering the character and topography of Italy. This underlying scene is viewed as especially ungracious, however, brimming with frosty trenches and tall grasses - giving an impression of a solidified marshland. It is extended as the Colonel and his driver advance across nation as one homestead mixed, nearly obscured, into another ranch and you could just observe what was a long ways ahead and pushing toward you (14) and given surface as the driver begins to discuss the specialists of the nation, for example, Titian: in the event that he painted any photos of that nation up around there, with those nightfall shading rocks and the pines and the day off all the sharp steeples (15-16). This brief look at the nation is likewise given a double nature as the Colonel moves toward the city, watching out at the level trench lined lane that they're following and recalling the horrendous scene of officers bodies, enlarged and gliding on unmoving water in those channels but additionally watching the quiet, delicate movement of a sail from o ne of the canal boats moving gradually through one of those waterways. This picture of Italy at last opens up into the boulevards of Venice with the notice of St. Imprint Square and the Colonel remembers his last day with his young lady, a 20-year-old local magnificence in a section that takes up the greater part of the main part of the book. In this predictable portrayal of the double idea of both the individuals and the spot, the book is particularly with regards to the chronicled time in which it was composed. The subsequent World War had quite recently finished in which a significant number of the more established men battling had just observed their offer

Your 5-Question Resume Checklist

Your 5-Question Resume Checklist Regardless of whether you don’t feel risky about your resume, it’s constantly worth checking in every now and then to do a little self-assessment just to ensure your resume is as solid as it tends to be. Here is your 5 inquiry continue agenda to ensure your archives are accomplishing the work they have to do to get you employed. 1. Does it show you off enough?The most significant thing a resume can do is show a potential boss what you can offer them. Does your resume plainly and rapidly flaunt your specific qualities: your abilities, your encounters, your capabilities? Give it a speedy read and check whether you can name your main five greatest qualities or resources without deduction excessively hard. Also, regardless of whether you’ve indicated enough verification of them in your descriptions.2. Does it look good?It may make you look great on paper, yet consider the possibility that it isn’t so adequate itself. Give it a fast eyeball for format and plan. It ought to be spotless, clear, and simple to peruse. The textual style and organizing ought not be diverting. What's more, there ought to be no pointless mess, or long meandering sections. Consider visual cues to tidy up longer areas, and ensure your edges and headers are all uniform.3. Is it special?You need your resume to stand apart among the group. In the event that it’s suitable in your field, you could consider including an inconspicuous pinch of shading, or maybe an infographic or some likeness thereof. On the off chance that experimentation isn’t esteemed in your field, stay with the nuts and bolts, yet decide in favor of clean and clear.4. Is it precise?You need to be as exact as conceivable while depicting your capabilities. That implies no lying, no fact extending, and no by and large lies. It likewise implies editing to abstain from humiliating spelling, accentuation, or syntactic mix-ups. Any of these will get your resume tossed straight into the shredde r. Talk reality and only reality, and do it in all around created blunder free sentences.5. Does it have that unique something?The number one inquiry enrollment specialists pose to themselves subsequent to perusing a resume is: so what? Indeed, this applicant has the fundamental foundation abilities and required understanding. What of it? Check whether your resume leaves a waiting quality of You need to employ her; she’s incredible! Do this by ensuring your resume responds to all the inquiries a recruiting director may have, and shows that you’re the up-and-comer that fills in all the missing pieces to their riddle.

An IAP in Texas, chapter two

An IAP in Texas, chapter two One week down! One of you asked about what Im doing down here Im splitting my time between Service Design/Performance and Technology Services, so basically, applying technology to the analysis and optimization of train routes and service. Im working with some great people, and you know, eight hours in an office sort of fly by if youre enjoying what youre doing. So far, Ive been gaining a wide overview of how BNSF runs their trains and the sorts of performance aspects one would be concerned with in the freight industry. Its all new to me, coming from the passenger side of things. I suppose the best part is that its all making sense so far! :) The headquarters campus is pretty big, and as you can see here, theyve got several train cars parked at the main entrance these are fully-functioning conference rooms used regularly for business purposes! Theres a network of roads connecting all of the various offices, but Ive spent most of my time in the Operations and Technology buildings. The TOB (technology office building yes they actually use this acronym), located across the street from the rest, was formerly the factory where the TRS-80 was made. :-P On an unrelated note, theyve got an old Xerox workstation and laser printer from the late 70s in a glass display case in the cafeteria, from before the BN (Burlington Northern) and the ATSF (Atchison, Topeka Santa Fe) merged to form BNSF. But most importantly, everyones been very friendly and generous, going out of their way to include me in their work activities or just to show me a specific project theyre especially keen on. Take today as an example: a director took an hour and a half out of his day to give me the grand tour of an expensive piece of model dispatching software. Or Ill drop by the desk of a senior manager (the one who had me over to his house for dinner, after taking me to lunch, all on my first day) to ask about something Im working on, and well get into a half-hour discussion about some interesting business problem that Ill then go investigate. Im the only intern around right now (my boss says hes here this month while MIT is in hibernation), but I dont feel out of place one bit. :) The environment is great because a lot of the folks have railroad career backgrounds (as in, out in the field or in the yard, away from management), so theyve always got that extra context to lend. The hardest part about this work is getting up around 7AM! I havent had to do that on a regular basis for what, four years? We MIT kids are so spoiled with our first classes at 10, 11, or later. Its midnight as Im typing this, and I have a meeting at 8. Luckily, though, its typically pretty loose, and as long as I put in a full day, my exact arrival time neednt be so strict. I think itll be a good summer Im already doing neat things!

Analyze The Topic Of Motivation Business Essay - Free Essay Example

The main task of a successful manager in the working environment is to get things done through the proper organization of employees interaction. To make it happen the manager ought to motivate the staff. But its much easier to say it than to implement. The issue of Motivation is really difficult topic both from practical and theoretical sides. It appears that despite the huge development of business psychology, the nature of motivation is still not clearly understood. Still many employees all over the world are facing inner conflicts trying to make themselves do the work which they dont want to do. Many employers trying to figure out how they can raise the effectiveness and efficiency of their teams. Nevertheless the problem remains. Moreover, the issue of poor motivation leads us to another troubles such as: Bad inner climate in the organization Low performance Conflicts in the team Increased turnover Additional expenses for motivation and team-building trainings Etc. Definitely these points altogether can make the life of any organization significantly more difficult, especially considering the current difficult economical situation. Thats why its essential to find a proper solution for this case. To under stand how motivation works, we need to figure out the human nature. Some aspects of the human nature are obvious, the other lies deep inside its core structure. And its important to always remember it on the long road of understanding the concept of effective motivation. During the observation of the revealed problem we will have to cover some of the relevant areas of psychology. Motivation has some kind of a riddle inside as its not directly linked to money or promotion. It has nothing to do with outer environment. What is really important in this case is inner motives. 1.2 Aim The primary aim of this work is to analyze the topic of motivation, observe the most important psychological factors which have an influence on employees raising or decreasing the level of motivation, and offer perspective approach of managing the motivation through creating healthy relations between managers and employees. We will also focus on different tools and instruments using which we can manage this issue as practical side is really important in this research. 1.3 Structure After the introduction we will cover the part which is dedicated to the role of psychology regarding the topic of motivation and afterwards we will observe some of the most significant psychological factors which have direct affection on the employees performance. Finally, we will summarize the most important points of this work and review them in the conclusion. The role of psychology in corporate interpersonal relations Much of motivational problems are coming from imbalanced relations in team (especially in interaction of employees and the management). Usually specialists are trying to find the roots of the poor motivation in outer factors such as salary, unsatisfying working environment and an absence of expected promotion. It appears that this approach doesnt work effectively as the problem remains to be the same both for small and for big business (despite the level of offered to empl oyees salary), both for employees who recently got promoted and for those who stocked in their career development and finally its also still actual for the companies which have lots of different HR awards for creating a perfect working condition for the staff. Consequently, we may assume that the answer lies somewhere else. In this part of the work we will observe various models and concepts of motivation systems and later we will try to evaluate and suggest some critical points on which we could base new construct of modern motivation approach. We can define motivation as the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995) and also as an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994). It is possible to define motivation as attraction to the goal and inner readiness to undertake something to achieve it. The need to understand factors which motivate and inspire employees and moreover what potentially could employers do to increase th e level of motivation, has been the primary aim of research by many scientists and still this topic has high relevance and many uncovered questions inside. There are many different points of view and models of motivation structure which were discovered by psychologists and business coaches. Now we will observe some of them. Scientific Model The concept of scientific management considers the staff as an input to the production of goods/services. This idea is based on training and development of employees instead of giving them an opportunity to choose their own goals, training methods and tasks, and the main objective is to perform the work according to the plan and developed strategy. Significant contribution to this approach was brought by Frederick Taylor. Taylor analyzed human behavior from the scientific point of view with the machine model considering people as an equivalent of mechanism. After detailed analysis of the job process, employees were trained to do only wha t was required for required result. In some sense, the main aim was to separate human variability from the working process. Taylors concept was successful and really increased production and profitability. Nevertheless, Taylors approach considered employees as machines and faced strong resistance from workers who saw this process as dehumanization. Moreover this approach also met group resistance because nobody likes to be closely monitored during the whole period of working time as it raises additional stress and frustration. Behavioral approach This approach puts emphasis on factors which motivate employees and aimed at identification and account for the influences that motivate staff. The roots of this concept are beginning from Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory which considered human basic needs in the form of a hierarchy, being ranged from lowest to the highest. Maslow was inclined to think that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the higher level needs a nd since one particular set of needs is satisfied, that kind of needs is not a motivator anymore. The needs which Maslow included in his concept are the following: Physiological needs Safety or Security Social Needs Esteem Self actualization If we take a look at Maslows hierarchy of needs, well easily see that when each group of needs is satisfied, higher need becomes primal. Here also hides another interesting point when a need is satisfied, it stops being motivating anymore. The breaking point of Abraham Maslows theory is to concentrate on evaluating the level of hierarchy the person currently has and focus on the goal of satisfying that persons needs and the higher needs. This theory of needs has been widely developed and accepted by managers all around the world. Despite the fact that this theory is easy to be practically implemented and generally simple to understand, it still doesnt have solid practical evidence of its effectiveness and moreov er there is no system to measure the efficiency of the theory after implementation. Vrooms Expectancy Theory The following concept claims that motivation stands on core values and beliefs of people and tests motives through the idea of what will happen according to the individuals expectations. It is organized around the idea that employees activity will lead to performance and consequently performance will bring us to appraisal and rewards. This theory claims that people can be motivated if they truly believe that there is a positive connection between the efforts which employees put in and their performance which afterwards leads to rewards. Finally, the reward creates an opportunity to satisfy a significant need and this desire is solid enough to make the efforts seem worthy. Vrooms theory also states that the advantage of employees motivation will depend on the structure to which they inclined to expect the results to contribute towards their needs or aims and locate th at motivation as a result of a cautious and rational calculation(Vroom, 1964). Basically, Vroom claims that the equation which explains main concept of his theory Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence possibly might be used to predict if a particular reward will be considered as a solid enough motivator for an employee or not. Porter-Lawler Expectancy theory Basically, this theory is based on the same structure as Vrooms theory and suggests that core levels of motivation are stood more on the value that employees place on the reward.  Real performance in a working process is basically organized by the invested effort and is usually affected by the employees ability to qualified performance and the perception of what the required task is all about. Porter-Lawler theory claims that performance is the most significant factor that leads us to inner and outer-oriented rewards which with the equity of employee leads to overall satisfaction. This theory demonstr ates the importance of policy of avoiding discriminatory practices in the working environment and claims that it is essential for the personnel to give equal and fair treatment to the staff. Part 2 After we have observed several theories and approaches in the first part of the work, we may state that none of them are perfect and moreover we may suggest that successful manager surely needs to apply a mix of these concepts in his attempts to organize a working process in the most effective way and motivate people really efficiently. In this part we will cover various hints and tools on which a new approach relevant to the situation can be based. One of the most important points of a new generations approach is a fact that money and promotion are main motivators. Unfortunately it is not so simple, and it doesnt equal happy staff. Definitely, money will always play an important role in motivating people and certainly serious compensation plan is extremely valuable to attracting and making stat key employees. But the answer is that additional money is not the only answer and in many different situations not the best answer. It appears that non-monetary compensation is the main value which employer is able to provide to employees nowadays. It also seems logical to highlight three major areas where emphasis should be put: Treatment, Education Development and Environment. Now, lets take a more attentive look at them. Treatment If we speak about the treatment its very important for a manager to give to employees recognition and attention. When people accomplish a task it means that they have achieved something. Recognition is some kind of appreciation for the achievement. Many managers forget about giving recognition because its not so widely developed policy in todays corporate environment. Recognition works also very well when it comes from an executive management. The secret of this tool is that it shouldnt be used neither too often nor too rare. Its also essential to manage corporate events offsite as they events empower bonding which in return strengthen team spirit, which significantly enhances positive work environment. There should be always a place for some relaxing and entertaining events in a corporate lifestyle of any organization. These events significantly help to establish friendly and positive atmosphere in team and consequently raise the level of motivation and maintain required enviro nment. Holidays and Birthday parties, sports events can help bring all employees together for a happy party time. The most successful events appear to be those which affiliated with various specific themes such as cultural theme for example, really nice ideas to base contest on. Another interesting idea which can help to create a solid motivation level is giving a chance to employees to have a time off.   Effective manager should create contests that earn time off. Employees will compete with a great enthusiasm for additional one or two hours off. And moreover theyll do it as hard as they will work for usual monetary award. When people have an opportunity to get dismissals, arrivals and additional vacation days it will motivate and inspire them. Education Development Education should be provided surely because it will be considered by the employees as an important value. For instance, individual coaching can be a solid contribution to employees development. The only price here is time. When employer invests his time in employees development it means his care and pure interest in team progress through the prism of every individual. Besides that, usual training also should not be forgotten. There is no such employer who can provide too much training. There are many employers who think that employees have already been enough trained or generally the level of employees development is high enough and only one member of the team needs training. Education processes in company should be controlled by a supervisor with provided help from specific employees who are able to demonstrate a specific strength amongst the skills list. These training sessions will continually increase the effectiveness of the performance of employees and the productivity of a business. Various seminars (outside and inside) are also can be provided. Basically, these seminars are usually efficient for many people. Different seminars can be granted for some employees in a form of a prize. Then this seminar can be recreated to the rest of the people by participants and finally the whole staff can get the knowledge nearly for free. Trainings on the topic of Stress Management also can play part in a process of motivation formation.  Many different books and articles were written on this topic. These materials can be given to employees and moreover manager should encourage them to use these materials in practice. Its also great if a company has a possibility to provide a seminar inside the organization on various stress management strategies and techniques. Its also important to give a clear understanding of a career path to employees. The staff needs to know what is waiting them potentially in the nearest future from the promotion point of view, what opportunities they have for growth. This aspect plays a really significant role in the overall motivation process of employees. Effective manager should also set visible career paths in the organization. Environment Various industry studies have shown the importance of good work environment and its significant role in motivation. Its a pleasant fact that more and more employers appreciate the meaning of proper working condition. Comfort and well-organized working conditions are very important to the emotional state which employees feel regarding the environment where people work. The office should look really nice: pictures on the walls, plantsÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ± fresh paint and nice furniture will definitely make people feel much better about their working environment. Its essential to control if there is enough space for effective and comfortable working process or not. All desks should be ergonomic and of the proper size, chairs and sofas should be comfortable. Effective manager definitely should also care not only about outer environment but about the inner part too. Surely, there are many employees nearly in every organization who would like to use their chance to handle additional re sponsibility. Managers ought to identify who these people are and try to do best to match the most actual responsibilities to the employees strengths and wants. Conclusion Finally we have observed various motivation approaches, theories and whats even more important, practical guidelines which can be practically implemented in a process of raising motivation amongst employees and keeping it on a high level permanently. Effective managers need to figure out what motivates employees in the context of the roles they perform and understand the process, theories, and fundamental components of motivation concept. Despite the fact which theory is chosen, (or even the mix of them) interesting work and employee pay are important links to higher motivation. Various options such as job enlargement, job enrichment, promotions, monetary and especially non-monetary types of compensation should be taken into consideration. The secret key to effective motivating employees is to know what m otivates them and designing a motivation program based on those core needs. Successful leader who understands his teams hidden desires and forces which motivates people should permanently reflect and react on his activities re-developing and optimizing his approach. All listed earlier concepts should be kept in mind altogether because motivation is a personal thing for every individual. When employees realize that they are being treated equally and fairly, they will most probably do their best in work. Manager needs to keep in mind that employees have their own personal goals and system of motivation as much effective as much it meets these aims. Fair pay and comfortable humanized working conditions are surely essential for any organization as these criteria cover basic needs of every employee. Nevertheless, such inner factors as fulfillment at work and recognition shouldnt be forgotten as such type of a motivation helps to Motivating staff helps to make employees more devoted an d committed to the workplace. Through understanding of the effects of different motivation techniques, we are able to make work a really exciting, challenging and interesting experience for employees during creating a more productive, profitable and competitive business structure. It is important to create the proper environment to motivate and engage people through the lever of development, communication channels, solid training and fair and feedback given in a proper time. Its also very important for a manager to try to practically apply a skill of empathy and ask himself about the factors which motivate every person of the team individually. Knowing this and understanding factors which drives people can help figure out what sequence of moves should be taken in every particular case and situation. Understanding the motivations of others can give insight which will better help to understand hidden relations.

Important Historical Figures

Baldwin My Dungeon Shook Questions - 863 Words

Baldwin My Dungeon Shook Questions 1) The Emancipation Proclamation was a statement issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that stated that all slaves is the southern states are and will be free. Baldwin is writing this piece in 1963, 100 years after the issue of the Emancipation Proclamation. Around this time, racial tensions are still very high, and most white people are still uncomfortable around people of color. Jim crow laws are still in place, and segregation is very evident in everyday life. Institutional racism is at it peak, limiting the ability and future of the young black generation. In Baldwin’s words, â€Å"This innocent country set you down in a ghetto in which, in fact, it intended that you should perish†¦ You were born where you were born and faced the future that you faced because you were black and for no other reason.† (Baldwin 2). 2) The African-American population in America has been discriminated against since it’s arrival, and that is still true to this day. However, in 1963 tensions were at its peak, and this stems from the fact that most people living in this time period, either white or black did not experience slavery. Therefore, the world with it’s racist mindset is being handed down to the younger generation, and they have to find a way to fix it. For white people, it means breaking the status quo, and giving up the power of racism, and for black people it means accepting the young generation of white Americans. Douglas explains this to his nephew,Show MoreRelatedWhitman s Influence On Society And The Lives Of Authors And Artists Who Came After Him Essay2202 Words   |  9 Pagesadopted over time to touch/bring attention to different social issues. Two authors who were able to branch off of Whitman’s works and ideas were Isadora Duncan and James Baldwin. By analyzing these two im portant characters of history, we will be able explore two different social issues in two different eras and how Duncan and Baldwin refined Whitman’s approach in order to make a statement in society. It’s significant to identify the importance of these artists because this process is still relevantRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 1919 Words   |  8 PagesThe following are my reflections on The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin’s (1963) two autobiographical essays, a compelling precursor to many of the components of the Civil Rights movement, with resounding motifs of power/politics, religion/morality, racial injustice, and freedom. Baldwin lived in Europe for a number of years and felt compelled to return to America to get involved in the Civil Rights movement (James Baldwin Biography - life, children, name, school, son, old, information, born, movie

Company Overview Nike, INC - 1106 Words

Nike, Inc. is the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities. NIKE, Inc. sells, distributes and licenses its products in approximately 200 countries around the world. NIKE focuses its products in seven key categories: Running, Basketball, Soccer, Men’s Training, Women’s Training, NIKE Sportswear and Action sports. NIKE sells products through its NIKE Brand and Affiliate Brands (Converse Inc., Hurley International LLC, Jordan Brand and Nike Golf). Operating segments for the NIKE Brand are North America, Western Europe, Central Eastern Europe, Greater China, Japan, and emerging markets. NIKE is a consumer products company who specializes in the fast paced industry of athletic footwear, apparel, and equipment. This industry is keenly competitive which exposes NIKE to the risk of falling behind or not meeting the innovation standards of customers. To stay on top of customer demand, NIKE must continue to innovate and anticipate consumer preferences. Companies in the industry rely on a strong reputation and brand image for worldwide recognition. If the NIKE Brand were to attract any negative press, it could substantially effect their revenues and growth. NIKE’s strategy is to achieve long-term growth by creating innovative â€Å"must have† products, building deep personal consumer connections with their brands, and delivering compelling consumer experiences at retailShow MoreRelatedNike, Mission, Vision, Values, Principles Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: NIKE, Inc. Mission, Vision, Principles 1 NIKE, Inc. Mission, Vision, Principles Ameirah Aldahmani MSM631 – Strategic Management and Financial Reports Analysis Regis University Saturday, September 04, 2010 Abstract This paper is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of NIKE, Inc., done as six separate sections. The six sections of the project are external environment analysis, S.W.O.T analysis, executive interview, strategic and tactical plans and controls, structure,Read MoreNike s Code Of Conduct934 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition, Nike, Inc.’s Code of Conduct also states that its subcontractors must provide â€Å"a safe, hygienic and healthy workplace setting and [take the] necessary steps to prevent accidents and [injuries] [†¦]† (Nike, Inc.,†Code of Conduct†). In 2013, following another company’s factory catching fire in Bangladesh, killing 112 people in the process, two of Nike’s vice-presidents flew to Bangladesh to assess the situation in their own factories (Banjo). Seeing as their buildings were not safe, theRead MoreNike s Offensive Competitive Advantage1206 Words   |  5 Pagesnot the same. A source may refer to this subject as a c ompetitive strategy or a competitive advantage. Therefore, this subject is difficult to understand and then apply to a company. The Five Generic Competitive Strategies that Michael E. Porter developed are not really five strategies, more like five with subsets under them. Nike does not fit neatly into a specific strategy. The first factor within the competitive strategy as described in the Essentials of Strategic Management textbook is a broad targetRead MoreNike Case Study1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: This paper is a case study of Nike Inc. I will give a brief overview of the history, products, company goals, company challenges, financial report and sourcing strategies. My main sources of information are internet databases, company annual reports, and financial articles. Company Overview: Nike Nike incorporated, the worlds leading designer and marketer of authentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activitiesRead MoreWhy Investing Of Nike Stocks Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pages Why Invest In Nike Stocks? Stephen Lane Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Why invest in Nike stocks? Over the last 10 years’ gym memberships within the United States have increased from 41.3 million to 54.1 million. The biggest trend over the last few years is becoming fit, more and more each day people are finding ways to live fit and healthier lifestyles. From eating the right nutritional foods, working out and people just wanting to follow the latest and greatest trendsRead Moreï » ¿Life Cycle with Air Jordan1487 Words   |  6 PagesLife Cycle with Air Jordan Introduction Air Jordan belongs to a famous international brand called â€Å"Nike† which is a pair of legendary shoes. Nike, Inc. is an America transnational corporation that has its own design and technology, and it’s mainly products is clothes, shoes, and equipment etc. The Nike shoes also is one of fortune 500 company, and the rank of Nike, Inc. is 126. (A Time Warner Company, 2013) Different Nike’s Product have unlike Life cycle, because of epidemic and seasonality of productRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Marketing Strategy1543 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategy. It not only helps companies to spread their risks but also capitalizes their strengths. One of the epitomes of applying diversification strategy and being successful in diversification is Nike, Inc. This paper discusses Nike’s diversification strategies and how the company succeeds in using it. Along with corporate level strategy, this paper also touches upon the international strategy that Nike uses. Key Tie-Ins †¢ Diversification strategy †¢ International strategy Nike Diversification StrategyRead MoreTaking a Look at Nike Inc.974 Words   |  4 PagesBrief Overview Nike, Inc. is a multinational corporation that designs, develops, markets, and sells athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories for a variety of sports and fitness activities. In 1964, it started its empire as a company that distributed Japanese running shoes, Tiger, in the United States with the name Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964. Nike founders—Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight—had a great coach-student relationship when both were still at University of Oregon; Bowerman wasRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Nike Corporation1746 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Nike Corporation Financial Analysis Description of Company History Nike Corporation has become one of the most competitive sports and fitness companies worldwide. Two runners, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, from a small town in Oregon embarked upon the business with a handshake agreement. The enterprise began in January of 1964 with the introduction of Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1966 the handshake between Bowerman and Knight was made official with a formal written partnershipRead MoreWhy Investing Of Nike Stocks Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesWhy invest in Nike stocks? Over the last 10 years’ gym memberships within the United States have increased from 41.3 million to 54.1 million. The biggest trend over the last few years is becoming fit, more and more each day people are finding ways to live fit and healthier lifestyles. From eating the right nutritional foods, working out and people just wanting to follow the latest and greatest trends. The increase in gym memberships and the amount of people working out leads to the increase in athletic

Stalin s Regime Of The Soviet Union - 1418 Words

Joseph Stalin was a ruthless dictator who killed millions of his own people. Stalin maneuvered his way through the ranks until he was the leader of the Communist party. He then proceeded to attempt to gain complete control on the country through the government. Stalin was involved in World War II with Germany until Hitler turned on Stalin. In the end, all Joseph Stalin accomplished was tearing apart the U.S.S.R. Stalin rose to power by moving up the ranks while Lenin was in control of the Soviet Union. He started out on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party in 1912. However, he was in exile at the time after being deported to Vologda for illegally visiting the capitol. He then returned to the Caucasus to attend meetings with his fellow party workers in Tiflis and Baku. In 1913, Stalin received an invitation to travel to Cracow, a Polish city which was, at the time, under the rule of Austria so that he may attend a conference with other members of the Central Committee. Although, Lenin had doubts about Stalin’s political judgement, so he detained him from several assignments. Eventually, the Bolsheviks gained power in Russia just five years later in 1917 with Lenin at its head. By 1922, Stalin was appointed to the position of general secretary of the newly named, Central Committee of the Communist Party. Just two years later, Vladimir Lenin died and Stalin delivers his eul ogy at the funeral which is known as â€Å"Stalin’s Oath†. It took Joseph Stalin around only oneShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Government And The European Council941 Words   |  4 Pageswould help in advancing their countries. For the purpose of this course, let us discuss the uprising of the Russian government and the European Council; both as single entities have their own goals, but collectively they seek to benefit their country(‘s) and promote prosperity, but through history and the changes of power has that aim been reached? Or if it is already has reached it, will these forms of government fail? THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT The Russia of today is not that of the past; Russia throughoutRead MoreShould mobile phones be banned in schools1115 Words   |  5 Pages exhausted by World War One, Russia was ripe for change. Assisted by the Germans, who hoped that he would undermine the Russian war effort, Lenin returned home and started working against the provisional government that had overthrown the tsarist regime. He eventually led what was soon to be known as the October Revolution, but was effectively a coup d etat. Almost three years of civil war followed. The Bolsheviks were victorious and assumed total control of the country. During this period of revolutionRead MoreThe Death Of The Soviet Republic1392 Words   |  6 Pagesit resulted in the starvation and eventual death of millions of Ukraine people. It is considered a genocide by 25 countries, and the United Nations. This was the direct result of Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Republic, who wanted to diminish Ukrainian nationalism, and cont rol the grain production of Soviets. This was done successfully by the process of collectivisation, and intentional starvation of his people. This calamity was entirely preventable, as food was being produced, but only usedRead MoreThe Relation Between Stalin And Hitler1437 Words   |  6 Pagestheir infamous dynamisms which made them who they are known to be. The two most notable â€Å"leaders† in history who express such qualities are Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, and Adolf Hitler from the German Nazi regime, and these two men, different as they were, displayed symmetric roles throughout their times in control. The relation between Stalin and Hitler begins with their anonymously parallel childhoods. While pursuing the nature of any dictators dominion, it is important to review theirRead MoreDmitri Shostakovich : The Greatest Composers Of The 20th Century And The Most Important Soviet Composer1567 Words   |  7 Pages Considered as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century and the most important Soviet composer, Dmitri Shostakovich created some of the most richly complex and experimental pieces of his time. His musical education and career took place entirely in the Soviet Union, where he created his greatest masterpieces including 15 symphonies and 15 string quartets. He forayed into several different mediums including compositions of concertos, ballets, motion-picture scores, and opera. In additionRead MoreThe Soviet Union s Puppet1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet Union’s Puppet â€Å"The only course for the Chinese people is to remain determined to go on fighting side by side with the Korean people†¦ However many years U.S. imperialism wants to fight, we are ready to fight right up to the moment of complete victory for the Chinese and Korean people,† Mao Zedong said on February 7, 1953. Before 1950, China had very little to do with North Korea. North Korea s Communist government was set up by its leader Kim Il Sung, with the help of the Soviet UnionRead MoreStalin And The Soviet Union1564 Words   |  7 PagesWith the arrival of the second half of the 20th century, came the death of Stalin and a new age for not only Russia but the entirety of the Eastern Block as well. Russia, as always, stood in the face of adversity and, instead of crumbling, began to develop and progress in leaps and bounds. In the span of a mere 50 or so years Russia went from one political, social, and economic standing, (Stalinism) to its exact obverse. Despite the obvio us changes a switch like this requires there are still someRead MoreThe End Of World War II924 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America and the Soviet Union. After dealing with Nazi Germany, these two superpowers sought to spread their individual influence throughout the world and thus the Cold War began. The Cold War wasn t a direct War but a series of proxy wars and decades of intimidation, propaganda and espionage. Germany was occupied after the war and the Soviet Union controlled the area surrounding Berlin but not the city itself. There were already tensions between the Soviet Union and the Western allies becauseRead MoreLife in the Soviet Regime During the Cold War1837 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bonds of the Soviet People Elena Gorokhova explains in her memoir that â€Å"The rules are simple: they lie to us, we know theyre lying, they know we know theyre lying, but they keep lying to us, and we keep pretending to believe them.† The novel, A Mountain of Crumbs, depicts the hopelessness, opression and deception of life behind the Iron Curtain during the 70s and 80s. Many rights of the people within the Soviet Union were violated and unacknowledged. In ages past, there were no human rightsRead MoreThe United States And The Cold War Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagespowers do not subsist, in the cessation, one endeavors to impose itself on the other regardless of the arguments and strategies that they utilize and the time that they involve them. This was a conflict between the United States of America, and the Soviet Union Socialist Republicans, and the countries that allied themselves to one side or the other. Although for most the cold war commences after the terminus of World War II, it is liable to have its inchoation’s long afore the First World War. In general

Pestel on Winchester Theatre Free Essays

PESTEL Political- The theatre is subsidized by the public purse in the form of local authorities and the arts council (Arts council, 2010). However, funding is under continual pressure after cuts made to the arts budget by the coalition government (Mintel, 2012). This has been evident since 2008 where the arts council of England stopped funding of the theatre meaning it is only supported by Winchester City Council, Hampshire city council, sponsors and friends of Theatre Royal Winchester (Burn, 2008), for example, sponsorship from the Hampshire Chronicle and wave FM (Theatre Royal Winchester, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Pestel on Winchester Theatre or any similar topic only for you Order Now This could have an impact on the Theatre industry as it may mean they are forced to take a more commercial approach and lead to increased prices to ensure that they stay afloat. A recent 2012 survey on local authority arts spending by Arts Development UK has revealed there is a decline in partnership work between Arts Councils and local authorities. Also, 47 local authority arts services have closed since 2003 and average expenditure on the arts is 16% down on 2010 and 38% down since  2008 and 15% of local authorities in England and Wales have lost their arts services since  2000. The outlook is also looking bleak as Chief Cultural and Leisure Officers Association reveals a planned 15% cut to arts services for  2012-13. The local Government Association is warning that unless central government policy changes, local funding for arts in England and Wales will have practically disappeared by  2020. The distribution of Arts Council funding across the English regions reveals a considerable imbalance: London gets over 50%, Midlands 12% and South East only 4% (2010-11 figures) (Gillet, 2013). Economical Due to the UK market slipping back into recession, this continues to restrain consumer spending and the performing arts as a whole are not immune from this common trend as the spending power of customers is hindered. It is also evident that household incomes have been restricted by high inflation and static earnings further hindering spending power and consumer confidence (Mintel, 2012), meaning that consumers have less disposable income to spend on items such as the theatre. However, because of this trends in recent years have seen a fall in holiday trips taken abroad and therefore seen an increase in domestic holidays and theatre breaks are a popular form of weekend break and tourists spend is an important source of revenue for the theatre business (Mintel, 2012) as the west end enjoyed record box sales in 2011 for the 8th consecutive year (BBC, 2011). Social The theatre is seen to be most popular with those ranging from 35-55+ who account for 66% of theatre attendees showing that they are an ageing demographic with a strong female bias (Mirror, 2012) suggesting that the theatre is struggling to attract younger audience members as it may not be seen as attractive too them. Danny Boyle was quoted saying â€Å"†Theatre sustains local communities and does very positive things for local economies. But it also gives a sense of belonging† (Youngs, 2012) and are therefore hugely important part of the UK and British culture. Technological New technology is having a huge affect on the theatre industry. The ownership of mobile devices such as smartphones and Tablets are playing there role in this age of technology, as is the quality of TV’s, HD, 3D and the content that you can see within your own home that is most threatening to the theatre industry (Mintel, 2012). Technology is also being used in the form of multiple camera angles and high-definition technology, allowing Digital Theatre (2013) to bring the drama and emotion of each production to a global online audience to those who otherwise would not have seen the performance. Environmental- Environmental issues for the theatre can take several shapes and forms. For example they can include things such as energy bills and sets being scrapped at the end of performances especially for smaller theatres, as they cannot afford the storage. Bus miles generated by companies on tour and the audiences travelling into town are also factors that can be linked in with the theatre. There is also paper for the flyers, posters, programs and scripts that may be wasted and demands on power from theatre foyers, bars and offices, as well as the many exit signs that, by law, must be lit round he clock (Fisher, 2007) all add up and can prove costly for the theatre. There are several licenses that a business such as a theatre need to adhere to and these are monitored by bodies such as the Environmental Agency (2013) who aim to â€Å"protect and improve the environment, and to promote sustainable development. † Legal- Health and safety law applies to theatres as it does t o other businesses. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and related legislation places duties on employers, employees, the self-employed and those in control of premises. The responsibilities include things such as working at height and manual handling as these are the two areas where most accidents/injuries occur (HSE, 2013) The Winchester theatre also holds 14 licenses ranging from food to alcohol licensing which must be handled with care responsibility. There are also important contracts between the theatre itself and the touring company’s/performers that must not be breached (Courtice, 2013). Reference List BBC, (2011) West end ticket sales hit ? 528 Million in 2011. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/entertainment-arts-16795432 [Accessed 01/03/2013] Courtice, Mark (2013). Lecture at Oxford Brookes University. 19/03/2013 Digital Theatre, (2013). Available at: http://www. digitaltheatre. com [Accessed 01/03/2013] Fisher, M. (2007). The Guardian. Alas, Poor Planet. Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2007/feb/07/energy. theatre [Accessed 01/03/2013] Gillet, John. (2013). Local Authority Cutbacks: A report on Theatres 18/01/2013. Available at: http://www. lost-arts. org/local-authority-cutbacks-theatres/ [Accessed 06/03/2013] Environmental Agency (2013). About us. Available at: http://www. environment-agency. gov. uk/aboutus/default. spx [Accessed 03/03/2013] HSE. (2013). Theatre. Available at: http://www. hse. gov. uk/entertainment/theatre-tv/theatre. htm [Accessed 03/03/2013] Mintel (2012) Performing arts UK, July 2012. Mirror, (2012) Theatre Goers Available at: http://audiences. visualdna. com/mirror/audience/entertainment/theatre_goers [Accessed 01/03/2012] Theatre Royal Winchester, (2012). Available at: http://www. theatre-royal-wi nchester. co. uk [Accessed 01/03/2013] Young’s, I. (15th Nov 2012) â€Å"Danny Boyle voices regional theatre fears†. Available at http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/entertainment-arts-20338771 [Accessed 03/03/2013] How to cite Pestel on Winchester Theatre, Essay examples

Counselling Positive Psychology and Mindfulness

Question: Discuss about the Counselling for Positive Psychology and Mindfulness. Answer: Introduction The present study discusses the key aspects applied positive psychology and mindfulness. Applied positive psychology is comparatively a new concept in the field of psychology which has flourished in the recent past with different problems emerging in the field of psychology. Psychology is mainly the study of human mind and in the last few decades psychology has faced different issues which have given rise to applied positive psychology (Snyder Lopez, 2009). This stream of psychology has focused on the scientific study of human flourishing and has given an applied approach on the optimal functioning of the human mind. Positive Psychology has developed a strong hold on studying the strengths and the desired qualities which helps individuals and even organisations to thrive in the society and competitive market. In the present society being mindful is extremely essential(Schonert-Reichl, et al, 2010). Mindfulness is essentially being more aware and awake every moment in life. Mindfulnes s has been extremely important to be safe and secured always which impacts the wellbeing of every individual effectively. It could be said that being mindful of every moment will ensure that an individual is safe and his or her wellbeing is effectively safeguarded(Avey, et al, 2008). The present study is a critical assessment of the impact of applied positive psychology on the mindfulness on wellbeing. The study will take an opportunity to show the relationship between applied positive psychology and mindfulness on wellbeing. Assessment 1: Essay: Impact of applied Positive Psychology and Mindfulness on wellbeing. 1 Definition and Description of Positive Psychology In the present essay that takes in to consideration the impact of applied positive psychology and mindfulness on wellbeing have been elucidated and illustrated in detail. Positive psychology has been initially established as a new region of psychology when the researcher Martin Seligman have decided to select it as a subject matter for his period as the head of the American Psychological Association in the year 1998 even though the subject is coined by Maslow as mentioned in his book namely Motivation and Personality (1954). In the following research positive psychology have been defined and explained along with the particulars of how it came into importance and how positive psychology contrasts from traditional psychology (Huppert, et al, 2010). Mindfulness theory have been defined and elucidated as well. Impact of mindfulness on wellbeing of human beings has been determined by means of a number of different research findings from the field of positive psychology (SeligmanCsikszentm ihalyi, 2014). For this reason a number of different research articles and methods have been provided in the present essay to analyse and discuss how the research methods implemented in every study has possibly influenced the outcomes that has been determined at the end of each study (Brown, et al, 2005). Positive psychology in simple words can be explained as one of the scientific studies that takes into consideration the strength and capability of an individual or a social group to grow well psychologically (Baumgardner, et al, 2009). So basically it is a study relating to the life of human beings considering their contentment, welfare, thriving. According to Hugo Alberts, Positive psychology is the scientific and applied approach to uncovering peoples strength and promoting their positive functioning.It is due to positive psychology that people are able to find happiness and mental satisfaction with the assistance of scientific approach rather than curing any sort of mental illness it encourages individuals to live happy and find contentment in everything they do such as work, play et cetera. It is due to perfect psychology that human beings can look to the brighter side of the life regardless of the negative reality along with ups and downs of life (Linley et al., 2009).Martin Sel igman indicated that relentless focus on the negative has left psychology blind to the many instances of growth, mastery, drive and insight that develop out of undesirable, painful life-events (Carmody, et al, 2008). These words of Martin Seligman reflect the optimistic side of the psychology of an individual along with the aspects that establishes contentment and welfare as the element of a number of different research journals (Shapiro, et al, 2008). There have been continuous efforts by researchers in the field of scientific research to discover further ways and methods of how to enhance and improve ways of contentment in the lives of human being. Since past few years researchers have been involved in finding out the answer for what is exactly wrong with human beings that has given rise to a number of different significant questions (Brown, et al, 2005). As per the efforts to find an answer to the questions researchers have acquired greater knowledge and comprehended several mental diseases and have established operational and effective ways of management and handling for a number of different problems identified. However there are three essential stages on which positive psychology functions that consist of the subjective stage, the individual stage and the group stage. The first stage that is the subjective stage consists of the study relating to the positive practices for instance happiness, welfare, contentment, delight, positivity and movement (Schonert-Reichl, et al, 2010). This stage is mostly regarding feeling contented and happy instead of undertaking anything good or by being a better person. Secondly that is the individual stage the objective is mainly to recognize the elements that constitutes a good life along with the personal attributes that are well thought out to be essential in order to become a better person by means of studying fortes and intrinsic worth of human beings, concern for the forthcomingfuture, ability to love, bravery, diligence, clemency, compassion, imagination, intelligence, interpersonal abilities and giftedness (Peterson, 2009). Ultimately in the third stag e that is the group stage or communal stage the focus is laid over the civic qualities and merits, societal accountabilities, emotional as well as physical nourishment, patience, philanthropy, forbearance, good manners, basic wok ethics, constructive associations along with a number of other aspects that adds in towards the process of improvement of the general public and social responsibilities (Sin, et al, 2009). In the recent times positive psychology has been implemented in mostly as a method of research in the subject. It can be differentiated with traditional psychology in terms of that rather than concentrating over the problems of individuals and to find an appropriate method to face them, that the psychology that is mostly accustomed. Positive psychology gives an opportunity to people to discover something positive that might be advantageous for them such as inner fortes within an individual aiming further on practical phases to utilize ones capabilities and skills so as to achieve success in community. Traditional psychology methods explain the problem and furthermore find a suitable means to face the problem by implementing a number of different techniques. Every so often considering the previous, current and forthcoming actions and performances of an individual and concentrates further on any distressing occasions that might have taken place at some point of time or might take place during the life span of an individual and consequently what impact it has on the general working of an individual (Schonert-Reichl, et al, 2010). Research on Mindfulness Mindfulness can be described as a deliberately concentrated consciousness of an individuals direct involvement. In simple language mindfulness is when an individual is aware of ones feelings and considerations. An individual must possess self-direction of consideration so that in order to concentrate on implementing an unbiased approach concerning an individuals involvements in the current circumstances (Carmody, et al, 2008).There are a number of advantageous influences on improving ones mindfulness. The notion of self-direction might sound little contradictory as per the authoritarian common sense of the term self-direction is not mindful. Moderately, mindfulness is a condition that is generally categorized in terms of self-analysis, ingenuousness, consideration and recognition of oneself. In the past few years it has been discovered that mindfulness is considerably associated with positive impact, being contentment and general welfare. According to (Galantino et al. 2005), the cha nges recorded in the salivary cortisol levels before and after the Mindfulness Meditation (MM) program were evaluated by utilising a paired student t-test and the researchers had utilised Spearman correlations to determine the association between salivary cortisols and subjective m,keasures from the questionnaires. Paired t-test results for salivary cortisol showed no significant changes between baseline and completion of the program. Upon the completion of the MM program, the respondents reported significant levels of improvement in their mood and emotional exhaustion. Mindfulness is no recently discovered theory; it has been there since decades and centuries. However it is important to mention that there are a number of different discoveries that have been introduced and added further to enhanced self-awareness that lessens tension and apprehension along with reducing the possibility of emerging several diseases, cancer as well as psychopathology (Avey, et al, 2008). For this reason it is significant to exercise mindfulness in terms of positive psychology as one of the methods for overall physical and mental wellbeing.Van Vugt and Jha (2011) have undertaken a research that comprised of a team of individuals to a thorough one month duration mindfulness withdrawal that have been randomly selected by means of convenient sampling method. Further these individuals were matched and equated with a team of individuals with no mindfulness training (MT). Further every individual who participated from both the teams have carried out task of memory recognition prior any mindfulness training given to them. Then a second phase of memory recognition task was carried out by all the individuals from both the teams after mindfulness training provided to them for one month (Carmody, et al, 2008). At the end when the time arrives to assess the outcomes it has been noticed that even though the level of accuracy present in both the teams were somewhat parallel whereas the time of reaction have been noted way faster for the team that have been given a one month of mindfulness training (MT). For this reason it can be concluded that mindfulness training contributes in improving attentions, especially in terms of quality of knowledge and information along with resolution procedures that are straight away associated to the working of memory (Avey, et al, 2008). According to Niemiec, 2012 mindfulness can help an individual express their character strengths in a balanced way that is sensitive to the context and circumstances they are in. According to (Kuyken et al. 2013), it has been found that the childhood and adolescence are vital developmental stages which help in determining the overall well-being and mental health during the later stages of adulthood. Mindfulness approaches have been gaining prominence in the treatment of adults with chronic physical and mental health problems. There are a number of researches that states about the positive influence of mindfulness on psychological welfare of individuals. Moreover a wide range of studies proves and mentions that mindfulness reflection is associated to enhanced health of individuals including mental as well as physical that assists in fighting against a number of illnesses consisting of a number of anxiety syndromes, melancholy, eating maladies, substance mishandling and protracted pain indication fall. Until now the notion of mindfulness has developed into a saying ofvarieties and regardless of the research in relation to positive impacts, certain devices linke d with mindfulness along with psychological welfare is blurred. However a number of studies have been done in order to measure the positive impact of mindfulness by a number of different researchers. The Mindfulness in Schools Programme (MiSP) has been designed as a universally accepted method of intervention for the students studying in secondary schools. By propagating mindfulness as a method of working with everyday stresses and experience, the participants can obtain potential benefit which encompasses the full range of the normal distribution of well being (Kuyken et al. 2013). Consequently a number of researches reflected that mindfulness helps in reducing rumination (Schonert-Reichl, et al, 2010). Rumination can be well explained as an inactive procedure of thinking about all the pessimist and negatives ideas and experiences associated to elements of psychological welfare. As per the research conducted by Chambers et al, (2008)twenty beginner mediators were asked to partake i n a programme for 10 days for thorough mindfulness rumination retreat. As a result it was clearly perceived that the participants of the meditation team had expressively stated of greater level of mindfulness as well as reduced pessimist thoughts if compared to the participants of the control team (Carmody, et al, 2008). So consequentially there was lesser rumination and negative syndrome as well. Not only was this but the participants from meditation team were said to have a better functioning memory ability along with capacity to better preserve and put up with attention for the duration of the performance activity in comparison to the participants of the control team (ChiesaSerreti, 2009). According to several studies it has been observed that working on mindfulness leads to lesser level of stress in a human being. Most of the researchers determined that a therapy based on that of mindfulness might be beneficial in varying emotional and intellectual methods that lies beneath a nu mber of scientific matters (Huppert, et al, 2010). It has also been found by (Kuyken et al. 2013) that mindfulness as a universally accepted intervention process can go a long way in reducing the inequalities associated with the accessing the intervention and the acceptability, stigma and social comparison which arises when interventions are specifically targeted at subgroups of young people within schools. In the present essay it can be clearly seen that the impact of applied positive psychology and mindfulness on wellbeing has been determined and elucidated in detail along with all its aspects discussed and explained properly (Shapiro, et al, 2008). The word mindfulness in the context of the present essay implies a psychological condition of cognizance, the activities that gives further way to this cognizance, a method of handling information along with a personality features. Positive psychology has been used in terms of theory that promotes the wellbeing and happiness within the life of an individual or a group.As per the positiv e psychology it has been marked that happiness have been promoted and enhanced in a greater number of diverse methods (Keng et al., 2011). On the other hand mindfulness is the deliberately concentrated cognizance of an individualsinstant understanding (Sin, et al, 2009). As per Martin Seligman explained good life as using your signature strengths every day to produce authentic happiness and abundant gratification (Baumgardner, et al, 2009). The methods utilised in the second research included a feasibility study based on a non-randomised controlled parallel group (MiSP programmev matched control group) study, where baseline outcomes were at different stages were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up (3 months after baseline). The students views regarding the acceptability of the MiSP program were evaluated at post-intervention and follow-up. The participating schools had been selected from the pool of schools which had teachers who had been trained in the MISP curriculum or who had expressed their desire in being trained. Control schools had been selected in such a manner so as to match intervention schools based on certain important matching criteria such as fee-paying private schoolsv.publicly funded schools, year group and published school-level academic results. In order to offset the chance of any teacher allegiance/motivation effects, only those control schools had been selected where teachers were interested in the mindfulness programme, but were yet to receive any formal training in the mindfulness program or delivered the MiSP curriculum. In the first research, the study intervention was a cognitive behaviourial stress mangement program which was based on Mindfulness Meditation (MM) principles and this utilised material from mindfulness based stress reduction. There were 84 respondents who were selected from a single institute within a university hospital and recruited within the MM program. Once they have enrolled themselves, the respondents were asked to measure their salivary cortisol and complete questionnaires before the program and after completing 8 weeks of MM. Conclusion Applied Positive psychology is an extremely important subject now and it has developed serious interest in research studies. In the recent past scholars have shown increased interest in applied positive psychology and have merged this concept to develop the mindfulness on wellbeing. There are number of insights in mindfulness in positive psychology (Bolieret al., 2013). From the above discussion it is very clear that self regulation is an extremely important aspect which helps individuals to develop better mindfulness. It is important to mention that being mindful about the thoughts and emotions promotes well being. As per Slade (2010) Applied psychology has helped to develop mindfulness which has also improved well being of the individuals as well as the organisations(Schonert-Reichl, et al, 2010). Discussions have shown that mindfulness works to better the mental abilities and develops memories which make individuals improved enough. Applied Positive Psychology has helped to improv e the mental conditions of the patients and mindfulness development have also been effective for the patients as it has helped to control their emotions and have also developed buffers against the depressive symptoms which has got better results. Hence it could be concluded from the above study that there is a very strong relationship between positive psychology and mindfulness to develop the wellbeing of the individuals and organisations. References: Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., Luthans, F. (2008). Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,44(1), 48-70. Kuyken, W., Weare, K., Ukoumunne, O., Vicary, R., Motton, N., Burnett, R. (2013). Effectiveness of the Mindfulness in Schools Programme: non-randomised controlled feasibility study. The British Journal Of Psychiatry, 203(2), 126-131. Retrieved from https://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/203/2/126 Baumgardner, S. R., Crothers, M. K. (2009).Positive psychology.Prentice Hall/Pearson Education. Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.BMC public health,13(1), 1. Brown, K. W., Kasser, T. (2005). Are psychological and ecological well-being compatible? The role of values, mindfulness, and lifestyle.Social Indicators Research,74(2), 349-368. Carmody, J., Baer, R. A. (2008).Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program.Journal of behavioral medicine,31(1), 23-33. Chiesa, A., Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: a review and meta-analysis.The journal of alternative and complementary medicine,15(5), 593-600. Huppert, F. A., Johnson, D. M. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being.The Journal of Positive Psychology,5(4), 264-274. Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies.Clinical psychology review,31(6), 1041-1056. Linley, P. A., Joseph, S., Maltby, J., Harrington, S., Wood, A. M. (2009). Positive psychology applications. Peterson, C. (2009). Positive psychology.Reclaiming children and youth,18(2), 3. Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Lawlor, M. S. (2010). The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre-and early adolescents well-being and social and emotional competence.Mindfulness,1(3), 137-151. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014).Positive psychology: An introduction(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ being.Journal of clinical psychology,64(7), 840-862. Sin, N. L., Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ friendly metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis.Journal of clinical psychology,65(5), 467-487. Slade, M. (2010). Mental illness and well-being: the central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches.BMC Health Services Research,10(1), 1. Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J. (2009).Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press, USA.

Should college athletes get paid free essay sample

With all the money that colleges and universities bring in from the ticket sales, memorabilia sales, and other items sold from the school athletics many people are questioning the fact if college athletes should get paid. Every year the NCAA and colleges bring in millions and millions of dollars from ticket sales and jersey sellings that come from the hard work of the athletes. The athletes risk career ending injuries and do not get anything in return. College athletes should get a cut from all of the money they bring into the school. Tyson Hartnett from the Huffington Post says that even though athletes get their school paid for the athletes still will need money for clothes and food to spend on items everyday people need. They do not need a million dollar salary like NFL players, but just enough money so they can have some spending money to buy everyday necessities. We will write a custom essay sample on Should college athletes get paid? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Hartnett) The average club box seat season tickets for a Division 1 college football stadium is 2,000 dollars, and the average college replica football jersey is sold for around 90 dollars. The average division 1 college football team brings in around 6 million dollars annually and the players get virtually nothing. The NCAA signed a 10. 8 billion dollar TV contract for the men’s basketball tournament and none of that is going to benefit the athletes. Some athletes have gotten caught and gotten in trouble for selling autographs and memorabilia for money. The most recent case of a college athlete getting in trouble for selling memorabilia for money was Johnny Manziel in August. Manziel sold his autograph for $7,500 and was under NCAA investigation for many weeks. Manziel and his teamates helped Texas AM bring in 37 million dollars to the university in 2012 and they will not see any of that money back. (Travis). Some athletes do not need the extra cash with financial help coming from their parents but athletes that are in a tough financial situation could really use the extra money from playing the sport. The coaches that tell the players what to do get paid millions of dollars every year so why can’t the athletes who are performing and attracting all of the money get some of the money they earn for the school. Former UCLA college basketball player Ed O’Bannon and several other former college athletes have taken a stand filing lawsuits against the NCAA. They argue that the athletes are entitled to a portion of the money made for from the NCAA licensing the likeness of the players in broadcasting and video games. O’Bannon says the NCAA put his image in their video game and they did not ask him or the other athletes in the lawsuit if they could use their image, they just did it, so that means the NCAA is making money off of something they do not even have permission to make money for. They could at least give a little portion of the money they make to the person’s image they are using to make money off of the video. Also some former college athletes say that the NCAA can not continue to balance commercialism and education. (Breslow Out of all the talk about paying the athletes that bring in all the money, the NCAA argues that the money they make from the basketball and football and big name sports revenues helps pay for the lower sports like golf and tennis. The NCAA holds 88 national championships and it’s the sports that bring in the billions of dollars that helps pay for the other national championships. NCAA. com has stopped selling jerseys on the website because the NCAA president, Mark Emmert says it is hypocritical. Also Emmert says that instead of pushing athletics further and further from athletics they need to bring it back closer and he thinks that paying athletes will make them care less about education and more about making money.  (Dybas) Also the NCAA says that the athletes get an education and get exposure to get a professional sports contract so that is considered the athletes payment. This football season several current college football players from Georgia, Georgia Tech, and Northwestern have wrote â€Å"APU† on the tape during games which stands for â€Å"All Players United†. (Dybas) That is the first step in starting the National College Players Association which is trying to organize a player s union to protest the NCAA’s treatment of student-athletes. Washington coach, Steve Starkisia is against the players having the ability to unify and force change because he does not think they players know what is going on in the world at ages 18 and 19. some college athletes say they do not have a problem not getting paid in college for their athletic performance because it keeps them focused on their goal to get to the NFL and actually get a paycheck and getting paid a lot of money for playing the game that they love. When people bring up the topic about college athletes getting paid, most people agree with that and believe athletes should benefit from what they do for the university. I believe that college athletes should not get a salary for participating in sports in college, but they should be able to benefit off of personal selling such as autographs and jersey sellings. With as much money as the athletes bring into the university they should be able to make some sort of money. Should College Athletes Get Paid free essay sample When I look at today’s college athletes as compared to the ones a hundred years ago there are some things that I noticed are different. First off I noticed today all the popularity and all the stardom that comes with being a high level collegiate athlete. Second I saw that most college athletes were not receiving a scholarship to play collegiate level sports. Thirdly I saw that there was not as much pressure to perform a hundred years ago. The big reason that all the fame and pressure have amped up over the last 100 years is because of the media. Now if you look at today’s college sports you see eighteen-year-old kids becoming superstars and having a whole nation watching them and either supporting or hating them. You see kids not even twenty-one years old going pro and making millions of dollars. There has now become this â€Å"gray area† with collegiate level athletes and if they should be paid or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Should College Athletes Get Paid? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Collegiate athletes should receive compensation for participation in collegiate level athletics. Over the past few years there has been much debate on if college athletes should get paid or not. The big argument for not paying them is that they are already receiving a scholarship to go to school. They are already receiving thousands of dollars to get a collegiate level education and they still get to play the sport they love. Another argument is that they are in college they have the easy road to make it to the professional level and to make the millions of dollars. They get access to high level training equipment and professional trainers to get them to perform at the top of their game. People have said that colleges should be used strictly for academic purposes only. Jordan Weissmann is one of many people that think having college athletics hurts the university. He states in an article he wrote in The Atlantic, â€Å"Everything we think we know about college footballs impact on students grades, graduation rates, rankings, and school finances adds up to this: Football might be bad for some colleges†. (The Atlantic) He later goes on to say that school’s can lose a lot of money if they don’t have a great program. There are also other people that if the university has a high level athletic team it â€Å"taints† the university, especially if one of the players or coaches receives and NCAA sanction. Even through NCAA sanctions there is still a lot of positive publicity that can come out of having sports at the collegiate level. First, The NCAA and its member schools should adopt a policy of controlled access, where agents and college athletes meet in open, regulated meetings. Many coaches and schools have a blanket prohibition on all athlete-agent contact until the season is over. But a total ban leads to a perverse result: The most ethical agents abide by the rules and stay away, while unscrupulous agents operate in the shadows, currying favor with student-athletes and their families in violation of school policies. (US Today: â€Å"Athletes, agents and the NCAA: Its time for a fix†) What this excerpt is saying is that even though some of the agents stay away, there are some of the â€Å"not by the book† agents that will under the table make deals with athletes. This is when the officials for the NCAA come down hard on the university. This is what can cause such a negative taint on a public university. College can be very expensive. There are so many things that cost a lot of money in college. Students have to pay for classes itself, and then pay for books and housing and that is just the start of it. Students have to also purchase school supplies, and some classes have individual items that they have to purchase for their classes. College students need to be fed, so there is a big cost in that factor of having to purchase so much food and if that student is playing a sport they are going to need more food to keep the carbohydrate levels up to where they need to be to perform. With all of this being said, being a college athlete alone and a college student is very expensive. For a college student time is a very valuable thing. With all the homework and organizations they can be in, students do not have much time to do homework let alone have a significant job. For college athletes they do not have time to do schoolwork and to hold a job. This means that under the current NCAA rulings, they are not allowed to receive any extra benefits or money from anyone other then blood relatives. With college as expensive as it is how are college athletes supposed to make any extra spending money? Even when it is the offseason the athlete is still doing something from the time they wake up until the time they go the bed. The athlete is a big part of the recruiting process. With the athlete always being on campus and being able to be a first hand informer to the new recruits the athlete will be in charge of showing the possible recruits around campus and telling them how everything on campus works and what being a collegiate athlete is like. Colleges have a lot to benefit from having great athletic teams at the university. You can look at this in a different variety of ways. The first and biggest aspect is economically. Lets take a university like Wisconsin-Madison. Wisconsin has some great athletic teams. The football team is ranked 21st in the nation, hockey is 13th and basketball is 6th in the nation. (USA Today Coaches Poll) If you have teams that are in the to 25th percentile in sports the economic rewards are huge. Neal Smatresk summed it up beautifully in his article in the Las Vegas Sun. Success breeds success. The impressive performance of our men’s basketball program draws people to our institution. We saw a large increase in applicants after our recent Sweet 16 appearance. Alumni reconnected with the university. Some of our biggest fans have become our biggest donors. Our new Mendenhall Practice Center is a prime example of how athletics engages our supporters, and it doesn’t stop with giving to athletics. Donors attracted to UNLV through athletics fund academic scholarships, like the Engelstad Scholars Program; faculty and academic programs, like the Lee Business School; and support our educational and scholarly mission. So our athletics program is â€Å"the front porch† of the university and leads our community through the door to our outstanding educational programs. (Las Vegas Sun) What he is saying here is that if you have a great team it opens up so many different doors for the university to make money. The university can make money through donations, scholarships and TV rights and that’s just the tip of it all. If the university has a good team they will make millions of dollars on merchandise and ticket sales alone. There is also the possibility that if the team makes it to the tournaments or bowl games the funds the school will receive in scholarships and TV airtime for the school just gives off so much positive publicity. Everyone who watches these games sees and the school gets its name out into the media. There is just one problem with all of this. As the university gains more and more money the athletes who are playing their hearts out will not see a penny of that money. Let’s look at the University of Wisconsin again. In 2008 the most expensive where most of the money they make goes to is their operating costs at about 93 million dollars a year. Followed by the money given for scholarships at 9 million dollars a year and at a close third the teams travel expenses at just a littler less the 8. 8 million dollars a year. Those are some huge amounts of money that the athletes don’t even see a cent of that money. (ESPN’s College sports revenue and expenses) Money is a very important item for most teenagers, and for collegiate athletes it’s no different. When you see the big college athletes go pro, we hear stories about how they have wasted all their money and are broke now. One of the big reasons for this is that all their life most of them have never had much money for themselves. When they get the big payday they don’t know how to smart fully save and spend the money and they just go crazy and spend it all. Robert Pagliarini explains another big reason to why they all end up broke in his article in the â€Å"Chicago Tribune†. Research published in the Journal of Judgment and Decision Making shows professional athletes are more present focused rather than future focused as compared to non-athletes. In other words, there is much greater emphasis placed on today than there is on tomorrow. This may help support the athletes winner-take-all mindset that they need to excel, but this can also impede any attempt at saving and investing for their future. (Chicago Tribune) What Pagliarini is stating is that because from birth and athlete is taught to win and win now they transfer that over to their financial situation and want to live for now and not for tomorrow. It is because of these two points that states why pro athletes go broke so quick after they retire is why we need to pay collegiate athletes. If we were to pay them in college this would help them with the shell shock they would get from signing that big professional contract. Now don’t get me wrong I don’t think that college athletes should be making millions of dollars. Not by any means do I think that should happen, but what I mean is that we need to work them into that big contract. This could mean a few different options; first option is that you give them a weekly based salary and let them do with it what they want. This would give them the freedom to spend the money however they would choose but they would not have millions of dollars to go out and spend. If the university even chooses they can put a limit on how much of that weekly salary they are allowed to spend and how much they should save. Another option for a university to look at is that the university could give a set amount of money the athlete would get during the season and that’s all they would get over the whole season. Just like the last option, the university has the option to set restraints on how much they spend where and how much they should save and put towards things like an emergency fund and things like that. The downside to this option is that they could do just like some of the professional players do and blow the money right away. The way to counter that is the university would have to set limits on how much the athlete could spend per week/month. This would then counter the problem of the athlete spending all the money right away in one sitting. The way college system is set up today is not by any means perfect. There is a lot of changes that need to happen to â€Å"clean up† the game, however paying college athletes would go a long ways in helping to clean up the game. This would help them by giving the fair amount of money that they work for to reward the university, and in turn for the university to help them become better with their money. College sports aren’t perfect but they are getting there and if they would start to pay college athletes, it would be a giant step towards cleaning the game up.